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Hypertension has become a common disease affecting thousands of families in modern times. With the advancement of medicine, various antihypertensive drugs are widely used to treat this condition. However, although these drugs can effectively control blood pressure, it does not mean that their use is without risks.
Mr. Zhang, a retired engineer, has been taking metoprolol under a doctor’s guidance to control his blood pressure. One day, without consulting a doctor beforehand, he decided to stop the medication for a few days.
He thought the medication had already controlled his blood pressure, so stopping it should be fine. However, just two days later, Mr. Zhang suffered a sudden heart attack and was urgently taken to the hospital.
The doctors confirmed that the sudden discontinuation of the medication led to a sharp fluctuation in his blood pressure, increased the burden on the heart, and ultimately triggered a cardiac event.
According to the World Health Organization, high blood pressure is one of the leading risk factors for premature death worldwide. Research indicates that approximately 130 million people worldwide die from hypertension and its related complications. When treating hypertension, beta-blockers such as metoprolol are commonly used medications.
Metoprolol lowers blood pressure by reducing heart rate and cardiac output. However, medical research shows that serious side effects may occur if not used as prescribed by a doctor. Therefore, for patients taking metoprolol, following medical advice and using the medication correctly is particularly important.
What are the side effects of long-term use of metoprolol?
1. Heart-related side effects
While the main function of metoprolol is to lower heart rate and ease the heart’s burden, in certain situations, it may cause bradycardia (slow heart rate).
It may not only lead to fainting and fatigue but in extreme cases, it may adversely affect the heart’s pumping function.
Additionally, abruptly stopping metoprolol may cause rebound hypertension, where blood pressure suddenly rises to a level higher than before treatment, posing a severe threat to heart health.
2. Respiratory system side effects
Metoprolol may exacerbate asthma symptoms or other respiratory problems.
This is because beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction, which may pose a problem for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
3. Fatigue and weakness
Many patients using metoprolol report feeling unusually fatigued or weak. This feeling may be due to the slowing of heart rate and decrease in blood circulation caused by lowered blood pressure.
Although this can alleviate the heart’s burden, it may also result in inadequate blood flow to other parts of the body, leading to feelings of fatigue.
4. Psychological and cognitive effects
Metoprolol may affect mood and cognitive function, although this occurrence is less common.
Some patients may experience mood swings, depression, or anxiety.
Moreover, in rare cases, patients may report issues such as memory loss or lack of concentration.
5. Sleep disturbances
Another possible side effect is sleep problems, including insomnia or reduced sleep quality.
Metoprolol may sometimes cause unusual dreams or nighttime awakenings, which may be related to its effects on neurotransmitters.
How to manage these side effects?
Managing the side effects of metoprolol requires open communication with a doctor.
The doctor may adjust the dosage or recommend other types of beta-blockers that may have different side effect profiles.
In conclusion, although metoprolol is an effective medication for heart disease, vigilance is needed regarding its potential side effects with long-term use.
By collaborating with healthcare providers, individuals can find the most suitable treatment plan for their health needs, ensuring both disease control and quality of life maintenance.
Three things not to do when taking metoprolol
1. Do not abruptly stop the medication
Taking metoprolol requires strict adherence to a doctor’s guidance, as discontinuing it suddenly may lead to serious side effects, even triggering a heart attack.
This is because metoprolol affects the function of the heart and blood vessels, and sudden interruption may cause the body to be unable to adapt to rapid changes.
If discontinuing metoprolol is necessary, it must be gradually tapered under a doctor’s guidance to allow the body time to adjust to each dose change, thus reducing the risk of side effects.
2. Avoid taking drugs that may interact
While taking metoprolol, it is advisable to avoid using certain drugs that could potentially interact with it, especially some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen), certain antidepressants, and other cardiovascular medications.
These drugs may interfere with the effectiveness of metoprolol or exacerbate its side effects. Before using any other medication, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, it is best to consult a doctor to ensure that these medications will not react adversely with metoprolol.
3. Avoid engaging in risky activities
Metoprolol may cause dizziness, fatigue, or even fainting, especially in the initial stages of treatment or dose adjustments.
Until you fully understand the effects of metoprolol on yourself, avoid driving, operating heavy machinery, or engaging in other potentially hazardous activities.
Metoprolol is an effective cardiovascular medication, but like all drugs, proper usage is crucial. By following a doctor’s guidance, avoiding abrupt discontinuation, being cautious of drug interactions, and refraining from risky activities before familiarizing oneself with the medication’s effects, these are all key steps to ensure the safe use of metoprolol.
Engaging in various exercises can help reduce blood pressure easily
1. Brisk walking
Brisk walking is a low-intensity, high-benefit aerobic exercise suitable for people of all ages, especially beginners and hypertensive patients.
Walking briskly for 30 minutes a day can significantly lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular function. No special equipment or gym membership is required; just comfortable sports shoes are needed to get started.
2. Swimming
Swimming is a full-body exercise that can enhance heart function while reducing joint stress.
The buoyancy of water makes swimming an ideal choice for patients with joint pain. Regular swimming can not only help lower blood pressure but also improve overall body flexibility.
3. Yoga
Yoga combines postures, breathing techniques, and meditation, which is highly effective in reducing blood pressure and relieving stress.
Through yoga practice, not only can body flexibility and balance be enhanced, but heart health can be improved, promoting mental relaxation.
4. Cycling
Cycling is a fun aerobic exercise suitable for outdoor environments that can help improve cardiovascular health and lower blood pressure.
Whether cycling on a stationary bike or outdoors, this activity can effectively burn calories and promote heart health.
Can high blood pressure and antihypertensive drugs affect sexual life?
Both high blood pressure itself and antihypertensive medications prescribed for it can have an impact on the intimate relationship between couples.
High blood pressure is a long-term health condition that exerts continuous pressure on blood vessels, which over time may lead to impaired vascular function.
Vascular health is key to sexual function because good blood flow is essential for maintaining normal sexual function.
When blood vessels are damaged, it may affect blood flow to the penis and vagina, leading to decreased sexual desire or sexual dysfunction.
Although antihypertensive drugs like metoprolol are very effective in controlling blood pressure, these medications may also have side effects on sexual function.
Beta-blockers such as metoprolol work by lowering heart rate and blunting the body’s response to stress, which may affect the production and balance of sex hormones, potentially leading to reduced sexual desire.
Additionally, these medications may sometimes cause erectile dysfunction, mainly due to their impact on blood flow.
If the current antihypertensive medication causes sexual function issues, discussing with the doctor about the possibility of switching medications is recommended.
Improving lifestyle can help naturally lower blood pressure and may reduce the dependence on antihypertensive drugs.
Sexual function issues may cause psychological pressure between couples. Open communication and seeking psychological counseling can help address these emotional issues and strengthen the connection between partners.
In conclusion,
Antihypertensive medications used to treat high blood pressure, although effective in controlling blood pressure, may bring side effects such as reduced sexual desire and erectile dysfunction. Therefore, for hypertensive patients, properly managing this condition and its treatment is essential to maintain a normal sexual life.
By selecting the appropriate treatment plan, adjusting lifestyle, and seeking psychological support when necessary, patients can effectively reduce these impacts and maintain a healthy and harmonious relationship.
Overall, the impact of high blood pressure and its treatment on sexual life of couples is multifaceted, but through active management and appropriate medical intervention, these adverse effects can be greatly reduced.
References:
[1] “Metoprolol, which lowers heart rate and blood pressure, has a high absorption rate when taken after meals, but the pharmacist recommends taking it on an empty stomach! Also, pay attention to these points!” Medical Micro-video. February 6, 2024.
[2] “Taking Betaloc every day, don’t make these 5 medication mistakes, avoid every one of them!” Pharmacist Li Talks about Health. July 19, 2023.
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