Cognitive impairment is now internationally recognized as a significant risk factor, typically occurring in childhood, middle age, and old age.
In childhood, education is particularly important. The lower the level of education, the higher the risk of cognitive impairment, although it is not absolute. Even if education in childhood may be limited, future participation in social activities, receiving other forms of learning and education, and maintaining a continuous intake of knowledge theoretically can also have a certain protective effect on the brain. We need to recognize that low levels of education are an important risk factor for the occurrence of cognitive impairment and should actively work to change this situation.
In middle age, several risk factors closely related to cognitive impairment have been identified, such as high blood pressure. Instability in blood pressure control can increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
Other potential risk factors include traumatic brain injury, typically chronic, such as brain trauma caused by long-term boxing, which is a chronic condition that may increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
It has now been found that hearing loss in middle age may also be a risk factor for the occurrence of cognitive impairment and should be actively prevented.
Environmental exposure may also increase the risk of cognitive impairment, such as environmental pollution. Additionally, an individual’s physical condition, particularly significant obesity, can also increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
While cognitive impairment is more common in older adults, it is not exclusive to old age. In fact, there is a certain proportion of cases in the 30 to 40 age group, and the symptoms of these patients may be closely related to genetic factors.
In old age, lifestyle factors play a crucial role. Smoking and alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Moreover, poorly controlled diabetes and high blood pressure also pose a very high risk of cognitive impairment. It is essential to actively manage any chronic conditions and control them effectively.
Social life and psychological status are also significant factors. Older adults who are in a state of prolonged depression are at a significantly higher risk of developing cognitive impairment. Lack of outdoor activities, insufficient exercise, and lack of social interaction may all increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
Risks of cognitive impairment are embedded in every aspect of life, highlighting the importance of paying attention to the details of daily life to prevent cognitive impairment in old age.
Is cognitive impairment easier to detect in the early stages?
For older adults, the primary categories include neurodegenerative changes in the nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease, all of which are common forms of neurodegenerative dementia.
The second category is caused by cerebrovascular diseases, such as cognitive decline following a stroke or hemorrhage, which are of vascular origin.
The third category involves a combination of degenerative changes and vascular diseases, known as mixed-type cognitive impairment.
Other causes include severe malnutrition, significant vitamin deficiencies, encephalitis, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, which can all lead to cognitive decline.
Furthermore, improper use of medications, interactions between medications, and the toxicity of drugs must be carefully monitored as they can also contribute to cognitive impairment. Reduced endocrine function, such as hypothyroidism, can also affect cognitive function.
Vascular cognitive impairment occurs following a stroke or hemorrhage in the brain, with a particularly close correlation and rapid onset, making it more easily noticeable.
Neurodegenerative diseases causing cognitive impairment are less noticeable, as they progress gradually over a longer period. Early symptoms may go unnoticed or be ignored, leading to a later realization when self-care becomes difficult, temperament changes drastically, and communication with family members becomes challenging. Seeking medical help at any time is important, but early detection and timely medical attention are crucial. It is recommended to be vigilant about recognizing early symptoms and seeking medical advice promptly.
For more related content, please refer to:
Medical Micro View Official Website – Professor Wang Huali’s “Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults”
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