In recent years, the number of patients with embryonic cessation in clinical practice has been increasing. According to relevant data: the number of natural miscarriages in China is around 1.2 million to 1.5 million each year, with embryonic cessation accounting for 50%!
The high incidence of embryonic cessation is absolutely related to the quality of pregnancy preparation. Among this, the male factor also plays a significant role!
Here are 6 high-risk factors from the male side that can lead to embryonic cessation that should not be ignored:
1. Chromosomal abnormalities
â‘ Chromosomal number abnormalities: Abnormalities in the number of chromosomes can lead to male infertility, difficulties in the fertilized egg developing into an embryo, implantation, and further development, resulting in repeated miscarriages and embryonic cessation; such abnormalities severely affect the transmission of genetic material. If a fetus has chromosomal number abnormalities, it can lead to miscarriage, mid-term termination of pregnancy, or neonatal death. Even newborns who survive often have birth defects, slow growth, or functional abnormalities, including mild to severe intellectual disabilities, infertility, or short lifespan.
â‘¡ Chromosomal structural abnormalities: This occurs due to exchanges, displacements, or other changes in chromosomal segments during inheritance, such as balanced translocations and Robertsonian translocations, which increase the risk of miscarriage.
â‘¢ Y chromosome: The Y chromosome is a male-specific sex chromosome, and microdeletions of the Y chromosome often lead to azoospermia or oligospermia, causing infertility. Its length variation has genetic effects and is related to miscarriage and embryonic cessation.
2. High sperm DNA fragmentation rate
The integrity of the genetic material DNA within sperm is extremely important for the interaction of sperm and egg, fertilization, and early cleavage of the fertilized egg. Studies show that individuals with sperm DNA damage higher than 30% have a significantly increased probability of female infertility or early natural miscarriage.
3. Decreased sperm motility
This may be related to the quality of the sperm itself, as low sperm motility is merely a manifestation of poor sperm quality. Further in-depth studies on sperm quality should be conducted for those with poor motility to better guide clinical practice.
4. **Infections
Many studies have found that infections from Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma are important pathogens causing recurrent miscarriages. Males infected with Ureaplasma and Chlamydia usually transmit these pathogens to their female partners, causing immune system reactions that damage or interfere with the embryo in the uterus. This can also disturb the autoimmune regulatory mechanisms that protect the embryo, thereby increasing the likelihood of embryonic cessation.
5. Poor lifestyle habits
Unhealthy habits such as long-term smoking, excessive drinking, and staying up late can harm male reproductive health, indirectly affecting embryo quality and safety. When men engage in high-temperature or radiation-exposed jobs, the probability of sperm abnormalities increases, making it easier for abnormal sperm and eggs to encounter issues like embryonic cessation.
6. Unknown factors and immune factors
Even if female factors are ruled out and no obvious abnormalities are found in male examinations, repeated miscarriages can still occur, which is not uncommon in clinical practice. This kind of situation may be related to age, living environment, smoking, drinking, and other unhealthy lifestyles.
Additionally, during sexual intercourse, if there is bleeding or wounds in the female reproductive tract, it can easily lead to the production of antisperm antibodies, which can kill sperm and result in difficulties in female conception.
In summary, when a couple experiences embryonic cessation ≥2 times, it is recommended that both partners undergo relevant examinations to analyze the reasons for failure, to better achieve the goal of having a baby and to avoid the tragedy of repeated embryonic cessation.
