The function of the ovaries is not limited to reproductive organs; it is also closely connected to the bones, cardiovascular system, and skin. The ovaries govern a woman’s entire life and are crucial for women. Many women may not know exactly what role the ovaries play or why their function declines, leading to issues with complexion and skin. Let’s take a look at the functions of the ovaries.
1. Secretion and synthesis of estrogen
When follicles begin to develop, the secretion of estrogen is low, until around the 7th day of the menstrual cycle, when the follicle’s estrogen secretion increases rapidly. After ovulation, the estrogen in the follicular fluid is released into the abdominal cavity, temporarily reducing estrogen in circulation.
Generally, 1-2 days after ovulation, the corpus luteum gradually secretes estrogen, causing an increase in estrogen levels in circulation. Typically, around 7-8 days after ovulation, during the corpus luteum maturation phase, estrogen reaches its peak. Then the corpus luteum shrinks, estrogen levels decline, and with the onset of menstruation, estrogen reaches its lowest level during the menstrual period.
2. Production of eggs
Oocytes are present during the fetal period and continuously grow, divide, and undergo atresia, resulting in approximately 2 million oocytes at birth. During childhood, some follicles degenerate, and only about 300,000 remain by puberty. From the onset of puberty until menopause, the ovaries undergo cyclical changes in morphology and function, referred to as the ovarian cycle.
During the reproductive years, 3-11 follicles develop each month, and through a series of transformations, only one dominant follicle fully matures and releases an egg. The remaining follicles, after developing to a certain extent, gradually degenerate through apoptosis, ultimately leading to follicular atresia. Throughout their lives, women can release approximately 400 to 500 mature follicles.
3. Secretion of sex hormones
The ovaries can secrete sex hormones, regulating the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vulva, as well as overall health. Menstruation is the result of the shedding of the uterine lining, regulated by the sex hormones secreted by the ovaries. Additionally, before 12 weeks of pregnancy, the sex hormones secreted by the ovaries also support the growth and development of the fetus.
4. Secretion of progesterone
The ovaries can secrete progesterone, which is inactivated by the liver and converted into progesterone sulfate, then combined with glucuronic acid, and finally excreted through bile and urine in the feces. Progesterone promotes the expansion of endometrial cells, facilitating the implantation of the fertilized egg and has a role in supporting pregnancy. Additionally, progesterone also encourages the development and maturation of ovarian follicles.
Therefore, women should focus on ovarian health in their daily lives, for instance, by avoiding excessive fatigue and not consuming too many hormonally rich foods, maintaining a good mood, and ensuring that hormone levels remain stable. Moderate exercise significantly contributes to ovarian maintenance; through physical activity, one can support the ovaries while also enhancing overall health.
In summary, the ovaries are extremely important for women. Regarding the functions of a woman’s ovaries, the above content explains that they are one of the critical organs that maintain the balance of female endocrine function and play an essential role in ovulation and conception.
