Coughing in children during the day may be caused by various factors, broadly categorized into physiological and pathological reasons. Physiological causes include environmental stimuli, such as allergens like pollen and dust mites, which can trigger airway responses leading to cough, or lymphoid follicle hyperplasia in the throat being stimulated by external factors. Pathological factors are more complex:
1. Infectious diseases: These include upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Upper respiratory infections are mostly caused by viruses and present symptoms such as dry throat, cough, and runny nose. Pneumonia involves inflammation of lung tissue and has various pathogens, presenting symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by low fever, night sweats, cough, and hemoptysis.
2. Non-infectious diseases: Conditions such as cough variant asthma, which is characterized by persistent severe coughing; gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly presenting with chest pain and acid reflux; and heart failure, which may lead to pulmonary edema with symptoms like cough accompanied by pink frothy sputum.
When facing persistent coughing in children during the day, especially in recurrent cases, medical consultation should be timely, with professional assessment and personalized treatment plans developed by doctors. In daily life, keeping the child warm to prevent cold, ensuring a balanced diet, and increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables to enhance immunity can help in preventing colds and coughs.
