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男性接种HPV疫苗,很有必要 | 新京报快评

HPV疫苗可预防的疾病远不止宫颈癌,预防宫颈癌也不仅仅是女性的责任。 ▲资料图:一直以来,医学界对男性HPV疫苗的研发相对滞后。图/新京报动新闻视频截图 文|唐传艳 据健康时报报道,广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心9月份将开展一项HPV疫苗男性三期临床试验,试验涉及一款国产九价疫苗,将在6年内对500位试验参与者进行随访。对此,不少网友都期待男性能在国内打上人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗。 8月25日,多位临床专家在接受人民日报健康客户端记者采访时表示,从集体免疫、预防疾病等角度来看,男性接种HPV疫苗是很有必要的。国内在经过适应症验证后,必然会放开男性HPV疫苗的接种。 由于HPV疫苗主要预防宫颈癌,宫颈癌则是女性的“专属疾病”,因此一直以来,HPV疫苗被当作女性的专用疫苗。现在出现HPV疫苗男性三期临床试验的信息,不仅让人感到十分新鲜,而且也引发关于其必要性的讨论,相关话题受到民众的广泛关注。 除了社会上对于乳头瘤病毒和HPV疫苗均存在片面看法之外,以往,因为对该类疫苗的认识不足,加之各地具体情况有差,因此,在该类疫苗的研发和接种推广等方面,也同样出现一些片面现象。尤其是,对于男性HPV疫苗的研发一直比较滞后,目前市面上的HPV疫苗只适用于女性,客观上又让HPV疫苗的“女性专用”标签更加明显。 但从预防癌症的角度看,HPV疫苗理当两性共用。HPV疫苗的作用是减少人乳头瘤病毒感染的机会,明显降低由这种病毒所导致的癌症发病率。根据2017年发表于国际癌症杂志的一项研究数据,人乳头瘤病毒与多种人类癌症相关,所有与HPV感染相关癌症,大约有87%发生在女性中,另外13%发生在男性中。 事实上,美国、英国、澳大利亚、日本及我国香港、澳门等地区已经放开男性接种九价HPV疫苗。因此,相关方面的短板亟待补齐。 HPV感染除了可导致宫颈癌等癌症之外,还可导致尖锐湿疣等疾病。其中很多疾病男女都可能患上,有些疾病的男性发病率比女性高。如降低精子活力等,则属男性专有。从这些方面来看,男性接种HPV疫苗完全有必要。 退一步讲,即使出于预防宫颈癌的目的,也应该强调男女双方的共同责任。宫颈癌由人乳头瘤病毒引起,其主要通过性接触传播,是性传播疾病中最常见病原体之一。 女性因接种HPV疫苗固然可以减少感染HPV的机会,但也架不住其男性伴侣通过性接触向女性输送病毒。因此,性传播疾病需要男女共治,只强调女方的责任,忽视男方的责任,显然对预防相关疾病十分不利。让男性也能够接种HPV疫苗,利于两性携手共同应对好相关疾病带来的挑战。 不少人认为,既然女性和男性都会感染人乳头瘤病毒,那现在市面上的HPV疫苗是否也可以用于男性,若如此,就可以减少大量的研发资金。但医学是一门实证科学,并且在免疫应答、耐受性、疫苗毒副反应等方面都存在性别差异,为男性接种的HPV疫苗,理当通过男性临床试验。 当前,在研发男版HPV疫苗方面,还有很大的开拓空间。为实现人类最终彻底消除宫颈癌的目标,我国多地均在紧锣密鼓地推进为适龄女性免费接种HPV疫苗工作。曾有人因此提出建议,也应该为适龄男性广泛免费接种HPV疫苗。 如今看来,这类建议有其合理性,毕竟HPV疫苗可预防的疾病远不止宫颈癌,预防宫颈癌也不仅仅是女性的责任。由此看来,男性开展HPV疫苗临床试验仅是第一步,针对HPV疫苗的探索还可以在更广泛的领域展开。 开展临床试验不只是药企和研究机构的责任,社会的广泛理解与配合更是必不可少。打破该疫苗“女性专用”的固有观念,让更多男性积极参与到该疫苗的临床试验当中,方能让这项临床试验尽快达到预期目标。如此,全社会也可以在预防人乳头瘤病毒所致疾病方面,再次迈出关键一步。 撰稿 / 唐传艳(医务工作者) 编辑 / 马小龙 校对 / 王心

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